Steep-sided and high bank, often with a walkway and parapet for defence by foot soldiers or artillery. Someone who is killed, and later honoured, because of their religious beliefs.Ī place where money is coined (made by stamping metal).Ī network and organisation of communities of monks who live apart from society, following specific rules that help them live a life devoted to religion.Ī person who journeys to a special or sacred place for religious reasons. He didn't stick to the rules set out in Magna Carta, which made people angry and caused the First Barons' War.Īn area of land held by a nobleman (e.g. By accepting Magna Carta he managed to calm the rebellion, but not for long. Most English barons and the Church felt that King John was abusing his power. The document agreed to by King John in 1215, placing limits on his power. A series of battles between the House of Plantagenet, rulers of England, and the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne.ĭecorating a manuscript by hand with initials, borders and miniature illustrations which were often brightly coloured, and in some cases, highly ornate.Ī follower of the House of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses. The highly defended entranceway to a castle.Ī style of architecture characterised by the pointed arch. Reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack. The barons were supported by the King of France. (1215–1217) a civil war between King John and his barons (land-holding noblemen) who were angry that John had broken the limitations on his authority set out in Magna Carta. This was in return for the lord’s protection. They had to live on their lord's land, providing labour and produce and paying homage to him. Peasants were answerable to their local lord. The royal household: people who lived with the king and/or queen.Ī fortified wall around a medieval castle or abbey, often linking towers together.Ī bridge over a moat that can be lifted at one end.Ī system dominating Medieval society in which the nobility and gentry held land in exchange for military service. The huge outbreak of bubonic plague carried by the fleas of black rats, which killed millions of people across Europe and Asia in the mid 14th century. To surround a town or castle with an army in order to capture it or force the people inside to surrender. Their monasteries are described as Benedictine. Used to describe monks or nuns whose monastic life is governed by the Rule of St Benedict. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians and Henry Tudor was crowned king, the first Tudor monarch. The last major battle of the Wars of the Roses between the House of Lancaster, led by Henry Tudor, and the House of York, led by King Richard III. Henry V won and married the French king’s daughter. Disloyal barons sometimes used their lands to become very wealthy and powerful so they could rebel against the king.Ī major English victory between Henry V (r.1413–22) and Charles VI of France during the Hundred Years War. The Angevin kings of England were Henry II (r.1154–1189), Richard I (r.1189–1199) and King John (r.1199–1216).Ī land-holding nobleman who was granted land by the king for loyal service. Kings of England who also owned lands in Anjou, in France. A woman who is the head of an abbey and has authority over the nuns in her house and its dependencies.Ī man who is the head of an abbey and has authority over the monks in his house and its dependencies.
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