Sigler, Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci: Leonardo Pisano’s Book of Calculation, Springer, 2002. 8 Gay Robins, and Charles Shute Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, British Museum Press, Dover reprint, 1987.7 Tanja Pommerening, ”Altagyptische Holmasse Metrologish neu Interpretiert” and relevant phramaceutical and medical knowledge, an abstract, Phillips-Universtat, Marburg, 8-11-2004, taken from ”Die Altagyptschen Hohlmass, Buske-Verlag, 2005.Peet, Arithmetic in the Middle Kingdom, Journal Egyptian Archeology, 1923. 5 Oystein Ore, Number Theory and its History, McGraw-Hill Books, 1948, Dover reprints available.4 Otto Neugebauer, Exact Sciences in Antiquity.3 Richard Gillings, Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs, Dover Books, 1992.2 Milo Gardner, An Ancient Egyptian Problem and its Innovative Solution, Ganita Bharati, MD Publications Pvt Ltd, 2006.Chace, Bull, L, Manning, H.P., Archibald, R.C., The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, Mathematical Association of Amnerica, Vol I, 1927. The Greek numeration system was last used by /squarerootof3567and29Galileo to solve square root problems. The medieval Ghobar script version of the unit fraction system contained arithmetic words and math operations also ended when modern Arabic script replaced Ghobar script in the 17th century. In 1585 CE medieval unit fraction arithmetic was written in Hindu-Arabic 1-9 numerals ended in Europe, though unit fraction aspects continued as late a. Several scholars have given credit to Hindu-Arabic numerals 800 AD introduction spread to Europe and was popularized for 250 years in Fibonacci’s ”Liber Abaci”. Both books were approved by the Paris Academy. Stevin rigorously applied zero in two books, one for science, and one for business, as an exponential positional place-holder. Construction details of the modern base 10 decimal system was recorded in 1585 CE by Simon Stevin. ![]() ![]() Zero as a positional number was added 130 years later within a new numeration system and algorithm that encoded rational numbers by the binomial theorem. Chuquet used a lattice multiplication, double false position, Diophantine indeterminate equations, Babylonian square root, algorithms, and aspects of the Chinese Remainder Theorem methods that arrived years earlier via the Silk Road (as documented by Needham). About the same time Liber Abaci math was translated by Nicolas Chuquet in 1453. After the closure of much of the Silk Road in 1454 CE, Fibonacci’s 250 year old arithmetic book dropped out of use.
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